ACT考试科学推理样题详解(1)摘要：ACT考试的Science(科学推理)部分旨在考查学生的理解、分析、审视、推理和解决问题的能力。这部分的分值的比重与其他三部分等同，都是36分。每次考试中，科学推理部分共7篇文章，每篇文章附5-7道选择题，要求学生在35分钟内完成40道题目。
接下来本文就以Official Guide 当中的一篇文章及附带的6个问题为例，简要作一个分析，旨在让学生清楚地了解科学推理题目的基本解题思路。
Passage IVThree studies were conducted to examine the relation shop between ants and acacia trees they inhabit.
解题的第一步首先是审题。第一步就是要读最前边的一段论述性文字，在这一步骤中，重点关注这篇文章的主体，也就是主要研究对象，这里当然也就是ants and acacia trees they inhabit。以下每个实验研究的介绍处理方法一样，扫读，重点关注其分别的次级研究对象就足够了。强调一点，次级研究对象一定是紧密围绕着主要研究对象的。以上就是我们对审题的要求。
Study 1Table 1 shows the results of a comparison between a species of acacia tree that is inhabited by ants (ant trees) and a species that is not inhabited by ants (non-ant trees).
Table 1Ant trees Non-ant treesLeaves bitter-tasting chemicals absentprotein-bodies present bitter-tasting chemicals presentprotein-bodies absentThorns specialized hollow thorns on stems no specialized thornsAnts specific ant species living in thorns no ants living on treesExrafloral nectaries present absentTrunk surrounded by bare ground surrounded by many other plants﹡Nectar-producing (sugar-producing) structures located outside the flowersStudy 2Table 2 shows the results of a comparison between acacia ant and a closely related ant species that does not inhabit acacia trees.
Table 2Acacia ants Non-acacia antsAggressiveness very aggressive very aggressiveActive periods active day and night active during daylight onlyDiet protein-bodiesnectar do not eat living plantsNest site only in the thorns of ant trees in the groundStudy 3Acacia trees were divided into three groups. Acacia ants were removed from the trees in group A, but were left on the trees in Group B. Group C consisted of a species of non-ant acacia tree. All the trees were initially healthy and of similar size, the number of trees still alive in each group 300 days after the start of the study is shown in Table 3Table 3Group A Group B Group CDay alive dead alive dead alive dead1300 3810 028 3928 011 4030 010Trees in Group A were killed by plant-eating insects and large mammals that ate the leaves on lower branches. There was no evidence that trees in Groups B and C were killed by grazing animals.
18. How is the designs of study 1 different from the design of study 2?
F. In study 1, acacia ants were removed from acacia trees, but not in Study 2.
G. in study 1, plant characteristics were examined, while in Study 2, ant characteristics were examined.
H. In study 1, acacia ants were examined, while in Study 2, non-acacia ants were examined.
J. In study 2, ant characteristics were examined, while in Study 2, plant characteristics were examined.
第一道题目往往比较简单。这里我们看到题目问的是Study1和2比较起来有什么不同?如果Study1和2的介绍和表格的内容来看，不同点有很多，那到底题目要求的不同点应该是那个呢?当然，问到实验设计的不同，一定是问的实验的目的和方法不同，这里也就是问其研究对象的不同，其他的差异，诸如实验结果，实验数据的差异不是题目的要求。那么这里，很明显答案是(G.)
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