托福阅读中的逻辑关系

    要想做好托福阅读，词汇量、句子结构、阅读速度一样都不可少，其实阅读文章里的上下文逻辑结构，同样是不可忽视的。

    要有火眼金睛发现标示文章行文逻辑的逻辑词，常见的表示逻辑关系的词汇有，1，表转折：but, however, yet 转折之后的内容为重点。2,表让步：although，though，even though，even if，despite，in spite of，nevertheless。让步后半句为作者强调的内容 3，表比较对比：more/less than, most, as…as , while, whereas。尤其注意对比种可能多个逻辑关系词杂糅在一起，如既有whereas的对比，又有more…than的比较。4，表条件：if, only if, except, unless, provide that, as long as。 5，表因果： because (of) ,since, as, why, for, therefore, hence, thus, thereby, consequently, accordingly, lead to, as a result (of),result in, result from, reason, A contribute to B, attribute/ascribe A to B, explain, come from, so A that B,A be responsible for B等，注意弄清谁为因，谁为果，不要混淆。

    在熟悉掌握句子的修饰成分和逻辑关系之后，遇到长难句时，阅读句子将是意群的组合。划分出句子主干后，句子的意思也就容易理解了。例如：In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. 就可以拆分为：In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels( carrying cooled blood from the flippers) run close enough to the blood vessels( carrying warm blood from the body )to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.句子逻辑关系词为thus，因此是因果关系，且前因后果。carrying cooled blood from the flippers和carrying warm blood from the body两个均为分词短语做后置定语限定修饰前面的blood vessels，这两个修饰成分搞清楚，句子的意思就清晰可见了——在逆流的交换体系里，从鳍中流入的带着冷血的血管与中从身体里流出的带着暖血的血管紧密排列，因此，热量就可以在到达鳍之前，从流出的血管转移到了流入的血管中。

    掌握句子结构和逻辑关系，对于解答句子简化题和阅读文章的长难句都有很大作用，大家在平时要多练习划分句子结构，提取主干信息，熟能生巧，逐步提高阅读速度和理解能力。

                                                                                                                       CIU美语编辑整理