GMAT OG语法攻略练习题

    1、In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.

    (A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,

    (B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and

    (C) psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,

    (D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size,

    (E) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,

    解析：

    考点：句子结构的完整性(Sentence Construction)；时态(Tense)；用词(Wording)

    首先， 原句主语为two Swiss psychologists，以此判断谓语动词一定出现在划线部分。declaring是非谓语结构，故不能作谓语动词。纵向比较选项，相同的错误也出现在B选项中。而CDE选项的declared可以作主句谓语动词。

    其次，declared that 后面的宾语从句也需要主谓结构完整。C选项having failed为非谓语结构，故不能作其谓语动词；D选项的fail、E选项had failed都能作谓语动词。

    再次，区别时态。fail是一般现在时，had failed是过去完成时。而主句动词declared表示过去的事情，故从句里是在此之前发生的动作，选had failed正确。

    (A) declaring不能作主句主语two Swiss psychologists的谓语动词，主句缺少谓语动词。

    (B) declaring不能作主句主语two Swiss psychologists的谓语动词，主句缺少谓语动词。such like不符合书面英语表达习惯。

    (C) 从句having failed不能作从句主语most of the studies的谓语动词，从句缺少谓语动词。

    (D) 从句谓语动词fail表示一般现在时，而主句动词declared表示事件发生在过去，故应选择过去的时态。such like不符合书面英语表达习惯。

    (E) 从句谓语动词had failed准确表示出动作发生在过去，并先与declared的动作，故符合逻辑含义。举例使用such as符合书面英语表达习惯。

    2、At the end of the 1930s, Duke Ellington was looking for a composer to assist him – someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well in order to finish the many pieces he had started but never completed.

    (A) someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well in order to finish

    (B) someone who could not only arrange music for his successful big band, but also mirror his eccentric writing style in order to finish

    (C) someone who not only could arrange music for his successful big band, but also to mirror his eccentric writing style in finishing

    (D) that being someone who could not only arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style for finishing

    (E) being someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well, finishing

    解析：

    考点：平行结构(Parallelism)、修饰结构(Rhetorical Construction)

    句中破折号前面是完整的主谓结构，即句子的主干；破折号起解释说明的作用，后面可以是名词或者句子。划线部分在破折号之后，并且出现了平行结构标志词not only … but also …，于是考虑由平行结构着手做题。

    (A) 平行结构不正确，not only 后面的who … 和but后面的mirroring形式不对等；not only … but … as well 不符合正式书面英语表达习惯，应为not only … but also …。

    (B) 正确。not only … but also 后面接了对等的形式 arrange 和mirror。平行结构正确，someone在破折号后面作a composer的同位语，结构正确，in order to 表达了目的，正确

    (C) 平行结构不正确，not only 后面的could arrange 和but后面的to mirror形式不对等；in finishing 表示在某一方面，在此句中没有表达出目的的含义，因此错。

    (D) that being someone who … 表达啰嗦，不够简洁。直接用someone who … 作同位语即可；平行结构不正确，not only 后面的arrange 和but后面的mirroring形式不对等； for finishing表示原因，在此句中没有表达出目的的含义，因此错。

    (E) being someone表达啰嗦，不够简洁。直接用someone who … 作同位语即可；平行结构不正确，not only 后面的who … 和but后面的mirroring形式不对等； not only … but … as well 不符合正式书面英语表达习惯，应为not only … but also …。